When Humans Met Neanderthals: The Discovery from Tinshemet Cave, Israel

A virtual panel discussion jointly sponsored by The Anglo-Israel Archaeological Society and British Friends of the Hebrew University.

The first-ever published research on Tinshemet Cave reveals that Neanderthals and Homo sapiens in the mid-Middle Paleolithic Levant not only coexisted but actively interacted, sharing technology, lifestyles, and burial customs. These interactions fostered cultural exchange, social complexity, and behavioral innovations, such as formal burial practices and the symbolic use of ochre for decoration. The findings suggest that human connections, rather than isolation, were key drivers of technological and cultural advancements, highlighting the Levant as a crucial crossroads in early human history.

Learn more about the Tinshemet Cave here.

Prof. Yossi Zaidner is a Paleolithic archaeologist and Professor at the Institute of Archaeology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where he heads the Laboratory for the Study of Human Cultural Evolution. His research focuses on human evolution, ecology, and behavior during the Lower, Middle, and early Upper Paleolithic periods.